BY : CHAM Development Team - M R Malin

FOR : Validation of Turbulence & Non-Newtonian Models

The main objective of the calculations is to validate the low-Re turbulence model and non-Newtonian model for the flow of Power- Law fluids in pipes.
Power-law fluids are time-independent viscous fluids for which the shear stress is related to the deformation rate by the consistency index K and the power-law index n. For n<1, the fluid is pseudoplastic (shear thinning), and for n>1, it is dilitant (shear thickening). If n=1, the fluid is Newtonian.
The flow of Power-law in pipes is relevant in the many engineering applications, especially within the manufacturing and process industries.
Calculations are made to calculate the frictional resistance, along with the fully-developed velocity profile, for both laminar and turbulent flow by use of the single-slab solver.
The turbulence is represented by use of a modified version of the Lam-Bremhorst low-Re k-e model.
The parameters are: the Fanning friction factor f; the power-law index n; and the Generalised Reynolds number:
```
        Re=rho*{Wb**(2-n)}*{D**n}/({8**(n-1)}*{(0.75+0.25/n)**n}*K).
```
where K is the consistency, D is the pipe diameter, and Wb the bulk velocity.